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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Jul 2023Orbital glands and drainage conduits are two distinct entities that constitute the lacrimal apparatus system, the malfunction of which leads to a range of ocular surface...
PURPOSE
Orbital glands and drainage conduits are two distinct entities that constitute the lacrimal apparatus system, the malfunction of which leads to a range of ocular surface disorders. Despite the close functional relationship, how the two parts interact under pathophysiological conditions has not been directly tested. The study aims to investigate the lacrimal gland (LG) structural and functional changes upon the drainage system obstruction, thus, testing their function link.
METHODS
Dacryocystectomy was performed in C57BL/6 mice to create a surgical model for tear duct (TD) obstruction (STDOB). Prickle1 mutant line with congenital nasolacrimal duct dysplasia serves as a genetic model for TD obstruction (GTDOB). Alterations of the LG and the ocular surface in tear duct obstruction mice were examined.
RESULTS
STDOB and GTDOB mice showed similar ocular surface phenotypes, including epiphora, corneal epithelial defects, and conjunctival goblet cell abnormalities. At the molecular and cellular levels, aberrant secretory vesicle fusion of the LG acinar cells was observed with altered expression and localization of Rab3d, Vamp8, and Snap23, which function in membrane fusion. LG secretion was also altered in that lactoferrin, lipocalin2, and lysozyme expression were increased in both LG and tears. Furthermore, STDOB and GTDOB mice exhibited similar LG transcription profiles.
CONCLUSIONS
Physical obstruction of tear drainage in STDOB or GTDOB mice leads to LG dysfunction, suggesting a long-distance interaction between the tear drainage conduits and the LG. We propose that various components of the lacrimal apparatus should be considered an integral unit in diagnosing and treating ocular surface diseases.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Lacrimal Apparatus; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Tears; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Nasolacrimal Duct; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; LIM Domain Proteins
PubMed: 37440262
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.10.13 -
Allergology International : Official... Apr 2017The definition, classification, pathogenesis, test methods, clinical findings, criteria for diagnosis, and therapies of allergic conjunctival disease are summarized... (Review)
Review
The definition, classification, pathogenesis, test methods, clinical findings, criteria for diagnosis, and therapies of allergic conjunctival disease are summarized based on the Guidelines for Clinical Management of Allergic Conjunctival Disease (Second Edition) revised in 2010. Allergic conjunctival disease is defined as "a conjunctival inflammatory disease associated with a Type I allergy accompanied by some subjective or objective symptoms." Allergic conjunctival disease is classified into allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Representative subjective symptoms include ocular itching, hyperemia, and lacrimation, whereas objective symptoms include conjunctival hyperemia, swelling, folliculosis, and papillae. Patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis, which is characterized by conjunctival proliferative changes called giant papilla accompanied by varying extents of corneal lesion, such as corneal erosion and shield ulcer, complain of foreign body sensation, ocular pain, and photophobia. In the diagnosis of allergic conjunctival diseases, it is required that type I allergic diathesis is present, along with subjective and objective symptoms accompanying allergic inflammation. The diagnosis is ensured by proving a type I allergic reaction in the conjunctiva. Given that the first-line drug for the treatment of allergic conjunctival disease is an antiallergic eye drop, a steroid eye drop will be selected in accordance with the severity. In the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, an immunosuppressive eye drop will be concomitantly used with the abovementioned drugs.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Conjunctival Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Japan; Phenotype; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Premedication; Self Care
PubMed: 28209324
DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.12.004 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Sep 2022A 10-year-old castrated male Maltese dog was presented with chronic swelling that had been present for at least 5 years in the medial canthus of the right eye (OD).
BACKGROUND
A 10-year-old castrated male Maltese dog was presented with chronic swelling that had been present for at least 5 years in the medial canthus of the right eye (OD).
OBJECTIVES
To describe the treatment outcome of dacryops with dacryolithiasis.
METHODS
Bilateral patency of the nasolacrimal system was confirmed by flushing of both upper and lower puncta. Ocular ultrasonography revealed a well-defined, oval-shaped, heterogeneous mass with several hyperechoic foci. Dacryocystorhinography revealed no connection between the mass and lacrimal canaliculus. Gentle blunt dissection of the fibrous connective tissue around the cystic mass was performed. The mass was removed, which intraluminally contained multiple calculi.
RESULTS
Histopathologically, the cystic structure was lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and surrounded by smooth muscle actin positive myoepithelial cells consistent with dacryops derived from the lacrimal glandular ductal system. In addition, several spherical basophilic minerals were observed in the lumen, which were identified as dacryoliths.
CONCLUSION
Surgical removal of this dacryops with dacryolithiasis was curative without recurrence after four months.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Cysts; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Male; Minerals
PubMed: 35667039
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.853 -
Biology of Sex Differences 2015Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are estimated to affect between 5 and 8 % of the US population, and approximately 80 % of these patients are women. Sjögren's syndrome (SS)... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are estimated to affect between 5 and 8 % of the US population, and approximately 80 % of these patients are women. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an AD that occurs predominately in women over men (16:1). The hallmark characteristic of SS is diminished secretory production from the primary exocrine gland and the lacrimal or salivary glands resulting in symptoms of dry eye and mouth. The disease is believed to be mediated by an inflammatory and autoantibody response directed against salivary and lacrimal gland tissues. This review will examine the literature on sex differences in the immune response of patients and animal models of Sjögren's syndrome in order to gain a better understanding of disease pathogenesis.
PubMed: 26535108
DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0037-7 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Apr 2021
Topics: Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus
PubMed: 34060525
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-suppl.1-41-2021-10 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 2006Primary lymphoma of the lacrimal sac
Primary lymphoma of the lacrimal sac
Topics: Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Prognosis
PubMed: 16854834
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.097451 -
PeerJ 2022FGF10, as an FGFR2b-specific ligand, plays a crucial role during cell proliferation, multi-organ development, and tissue injury repair. The developmental importance of...
FGF10, as an FGFR2b-specific ligand, plays a crucial role during cell proliferation, multi-organ development, and tissue injury repair. The developmental importance of has been emphasized by the identification of abnormalities in human congenital disorders affecting different organs and systems. Single-nucleotide variants in or -involving copy-number variant deletions have been reported in families with lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome, aplasia of the lacrimal and salivary glands, or lethal lung developmental disorders. Abnormalities involving have also been implicated in cleft lip and palate, myopia, or congenital heart disease. However, the exact developmental role of and large phenotypic heterogeneity associated with disruption remain incompletely understood. Here, we review human and animal studies and summarize the data on mechanism of action, expression, multi-organ function, as well as its variants and their usefulness for clinicians and researchers.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Lacrimal Apparatus; Syndactyly; Lung Diseases; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10
PubMed: 36124135
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14003 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Sep 2018
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Parotid Gland
PubMed: 30197449
DOI: No ID Found -
International Reviews of Immunology Feb 2013Dry eye is a common ocular surface inflammatory disease that significantly affects quality of life. Dysfunction of the lacrimal function unit (LFU) alters tear... (Review)
Review
Dry eye is a common ocular surface inflammatory disease that significantly affects quality of life. Dysfunction of the lacrimal function unit (LFU) alters tear composition and breaks ocular surface homeostasis, facilitating chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Accordingly, the most effective treatments to date are geared towards reducing inflammation and restoring normal tear film. The pathogenic role of CD4+ T cells is well known, and the field is rapidly realizing the complexity of other innate and adaptive immune factors involved in the development and progression of disease. The data support the hypothesis that dry eye is a localized autoimmune disease originating from an imbalance in the protective immunoregulatory and proinflammatory pathways of the ocular surface.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Dry Eye Syndromes; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunomodulation; Inflammation Mediators; Lacrimal Apparatus; Tears
PubMed: 23360156
DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2012.748052 -
Experimental & Molecular Medicine Mar 2018Sleep deficiency is a common public health problem associated with many diseases, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we established a sleep...
Sleep deficiency is a common public health problem associated with many diseases, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we established a sleep deprivation (SD) mouse model using a 'stick over water' method and observed the effect of sleep deficiency on ocular surface health. We found that SD decreased aqueous tear secretion; increased corneal epithelial cell defects, corneal sensitivity, and apoptosis; and induced squamous metaplasia of the corneal epithelium. These pathological changes mimic the typical features of dry eye. However, there was no obvious corneal inflammation and conjunctival goblet cell change after SD for 10 days. Meanwhile, lacrimal gland hypertrophy along with abnormal lipid metabolites, secretory proteins and free amino-acid profiles became apparent as the SD duration increased. Furthermore, the ocular surface changes induced by SD for 10 days were largely reversed after 14 days of rest. We conclude that SD compromises lacrimal system function and induces dry eye. These findings will benefit the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sleep-disorder-related ocular surface diseases.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Chromatography, Liquid; Conjunctiva; Dry Eye Syndromes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sleep Deprivation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tears
PubMed: 29497171
DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.285